Anticancer, and antioxidant activities of royal jelly on HT-29 colon cancer cells and melissopalynological analysis

Royal jelly (RJ) is reflecting the flora around apiaries as a result of foraging activity honeybees and therefore, pollen analysis could be used to verify its botanical/geographical origin. Colon cancer treatment by means chemotherapeutics agents reflects substantial problem for organism due high toxicity other viable cells body. To explore chemopreventive approach enhancing colon efficacy, antioxidant antiproliferative effects RJ in HT-29 were assessed. Cell proliferation was performed WST-1 assay, index apoptosis calculated TUNEL Assay, activities examined through reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total status (TAS) levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalase activities. Expression caspase-3 protein analysed via immunohistochemical staining, mRNA apoptotic antiapoptotic genes studied qRT-PCR western blotting experiments, respectively. led increase ROS LPO levels, decrease SOD activity, TAS level, activation, upregulation proteins intrinsic extrinsic pathway (Bax, cyt-c, p53, NF?B, cas-3, -6, -8, -9, -10) downregulation Bcl-2 both at transcriptional translational levels. Although there are several studies on physicochemical properties composition royal jelly, melissopalynological limited. In this study, we also investigated content use geographical origin determination.